11. DVCC - Distributed Voltage and Current Control

In this section:

11.1. Introduction and features

Enabling DVCC changes a GX device from a passive monitor into an active controller. The available features and effects of enabling DVCC depend on the type of battery used. The effect also depends on the installed Victron components and their configuration. Two examples:

Managed CAN-bus batteries: In systems with a managed CAN-bus BMS battery connected, the GX device receives a Charge Voltage Limit (CVL), Charge Current Limit (CCL) and Discharge Current Limit (DCL) from that battery and relays that to the connected inverter/chargers, solar chargers and Orion XS. These then disable their internal charging algorithms and simply do what they're told by the battery.

Lead-acid batteries: For systems with lead-acid batteries, DVCC offers features such as a configurable system-wide charge current limit, where the GX device actively limits the inverter/charger if the solar chargers are already charging at full power, as well as Shared Temperature Sense (STS) and Shared Current Sense (SCS).

This table shows the recommended settings for different battery types:

	Lead-acid	VE.Bus BMS V1 Lithium	VE.Bus BMS V2¹⁾ Lithium	Supported 3rd party managed batteries²⁾
¹⁾ DVCC must be enabled for the GX device to control the solar chargers, Inverter RS or Multi RS in a system with a VE.Bus BMS V2. ²⁾ Use the Battery Compatibility manual to see which parameters need to be set and which are set automatically. ³⁾ In an ESS system the VE.Bus device is already synced with the solar chargers, so we recommend leaving SVS and SCS off. ⁴⁾ For all other systems: If a BMV or SmartShunt is installed, we recommend enabling SVS and SCS. In all other cases, leave SVS and SCS disabled. ⁵⁾ Solar Chargers, Inverter/Chargers, Multi RS, Inverter RS and Orion XS do not require wiring. All other loads and chargers must be wired and controlled via ATC/ATD.
Auto-config	No	No	No	²⁾
System charge current	Yes	Yes	Yes	²⁾
Should you enable SVS?	Yes	³⁾^, ⁴⁾	³⁾^, ⁴⁾	²⁾
Should you enable STS?	Yes	No	No	²⁾
Should you enable SCS	Yes	³⁾, ⁴⁾	³⁾, ⁴⁾	²⁾
Charge control method	N/A	N/A	N/A	²⁾
Wire ATC & ATD	N/A	Yes	⁵⁾	²⁾

To enable or disable DVCC, go to Settings → DVCC on the GX device:

11.2. DVCC Requirements

Battery compatilibity
- For CAN-bus connected batteries, check the relevant page on the Battery Compatibility manual to see if enabling DVCC has been tested with your battery type and is supported. If DVCC is not mentioned in notes relating to your battery, do not enable DVCC.
- For Gel, AGM, OPzS and other lead-acid batteries, DVCC can be used without any problem. The same is true for Victron Energy Lithium Battery Smart with the VE.Bus BMS, the Lynx Ion + Shunt BMS or the Lynx Ion BMS. DVCC is forced-enabled for the Lynx Smart BMS.

Firmware versions

Do not use DVCC in cases where these requirements are not met. In all cases, we recommend installing the latest available firmware during commissioning. Once running well, there is no need to update firmware proactively without reason. In case of difficulty, the first action is to update firmware.

Required minimum firmware versions:

Victron product	Minimum firmware version
Multi/Quattro	422
MultiGrid	424
Multi RS, Inverter RS, MPPT RS	v1.08
GX device	v2.12
VE.Direct MPPTs	v1.46
VE.Can MPPTs with VE.Direct	v1.04
Older style VE.Can MPPT Solar Chargers (with the screen)	Cannot be used
Lynx Ion + Shunt	v2.04
Lynx Ion BMS	v1.09
Lynx Smart BMS	v1.02
Orion XS	v1.00

From Venus firmware v2.40, there will be a warning message 'Error #48 - DVCC with incompatible firmware' when one of the devices has an incompatible firmware while using DVCC. For more information about Error #48, see the Error codes chapter.

In case of an ESS System, the ESS Assistant needs to be version 164 or later (released in November 2017).

11.3. DVCC effects on the charge algorithm

In standalone mode, our inverter/chargers, MPPT solar chargers and Orion XS use their own internal charging algorithm. This means they determine how long to remain in Absorption, when to switch to Float, and when to switch back to Bulk or Storage. In those various phases, they use the configured parameters in VictronConnect and VEConfigure.

In ESS systems and systems with managed batteries (see the Battery Compatibility manual), the internal charge algorithm is deactivated, and the charger then works with an externally controlled charge voltage setpoint. This table explains the different possibilities:

Selection guide			Resulting charge algorithm
¹⁾ The ESS Assistant is only installed in a specific type of power system that integrates a grid connection with a Victron inverter/charger, GX device and battery system, not to be confused with an off-grid system such as is used in boats or RVs.
System type	Battery type	DVCC	Inverter/charger	Solar charger	Orion XS
ESS Assistant¹⁾	Intelligent battery	On	Battery
	Intelligent battery	Off	Don't do this; better enable DVCC
	Normal battery	On	Internal	Inverter/charger
	Normal battery	Off	Internal	Inverter/charger
Standard	Intelligent battery	On	Battery
	Intelligent battery	Off	Don't do this; better enable DVCC
	Normal battery	On	Internal
	Normal battery	Off	Internal

Details

Internal
- The internal charge algorithm (bulk → absorption → float → re-bulk), and the configured charge voltages are active.
- Inverter/charger indicates charge state: bulk, absorption, float, and-so-forth.
- The MPPT indicated charge state is: bulk, absorption, float and-so-forth.
- The Orion XS DC-DC battery charger indicated charge state is: bulk, absorption, float and-so-forth.
Inverter/charger (applies to MPPTs and Orion XS only)
- The MPPTs and Orion XS internal charge algorithm is disabled; instead it's being controlled by a charge voltage setpoint coming from the inverter/charger.
- The MPPTs and Orion XS indicated charge state is: Ext. control.
Battery
- The internal charge algorithm is disabled and instead, the device is being controlled by the battery.
- The Inverter/charger indicated charge state is: Ext. control.
- The MPPT and Orion XS indicated charge state is: Ext. control (the LEDs continue to show bulk and absorption, never float).

11.3.1. DVCC effects when there is more than one Multi/Quattro connected

Only the Multi/Quattro (which can be a single device, or multiple together configured for three-/split-phase as well as parallel) connected to the VE.Bus port will be controlled via DVCC. Additional systems, connected to the GX device using an MK3-USB, are not controlled by DVCC and will charge and discharge according to the configuration made in those units.

This applies to all types of systems with DVCC enabled. For example a system that does not include a managed (CAN-Bus) battery, and uses only the DVCC charge current limit: that charge current limit is only applied to the Multi or Quattro connected to the VE.Bus port.

11.4. DVCC features for all systems

These features apply to all types of systems when DVCC is enabled; with or without ESS Assistant, with lead-acid or other normal batteries as well as when an intelligent CAN-bus BMS connected battery is installed:

11.4.1. Limit charge current

Limit charge current is a user-configurable maximum charge current setting. It works across the whole system, whereby Solar is prioritised first, then the Orion XS DC-DC battery charger and then the inverter/charger.

This setting is available in the Settings → DVCC menu on the GX device.

Particulars:

If a CAN-bus BMS is connected and the BMS requests a maximum charge current that is different from the user-configurable setting, the lower of the two will be used.
This mechanism only works for Victron inverter/chargers including Inverter RS, Multi RS, Solar chargers incl. MPPT RS and Orion XS DC-DC battery chargers. Other chargers, such as Skylla-i’s are not controlled and also their charge current is not taken into account. The same applies for devices that are not connected to the GX device, such as an alternator. Worded differently: the total charge current of the inverter/chargers and all MPPT solar chargers will be controlled, nothing else. Any other sources will be extra charge current, unaccounted for. Even when installing a BMV or other battery monitor.
DC Loads may not be accounted for, unless a SmartShunt or BMV-712 is installed and correctly configured as a DC meter. For example, without the DC load monitor a configured maximum charge current of 50A and DC Loads drawing 20A, the battery will be charged with 30A, not with the full allowed 50A. With the SmartShunt configured as a DC meter, maximum charge current configured at 50A and DC system shunt reports a draw of 25A, then the chargers are set to charge with 50 + 25 = 75A.
If you have one or more shunts configured for "DC system" (when more than one, they are added together), then the DVCC charge current limit compensates for both loads and chargers. It will add extra charge current if there is a load, and subtract it if there is another charger in the DC system. DC "loads" and "sources" are not compensated for in either direction.
Current drawn from the system by the inverter/charger is compensated for. For example, if 10A is drawn to power AC loads and the limit is set to 50A, the system will allow the MPPT solar chargers to charge with a maximum of 60A.
In all situations, the maximum charge limit configured in a device itself, i. e. the Charge current limit set with VictronConnect or VEConfigure for Orion XS DC-DC battery chargers, MPPT solar chargers or inverter/chargers will still be in effect. An example to illustrate this: in case there is only an inverter/charger in the system and in VEConfigure or VictronConnect the charge current is configured to 50A. And on the GX device, a limit of 100A is configured, then the working limit will be 50A.
DVCC charge current limits are not applied to DC MPPTs when ESS is enabled with Allow DC MPPT to export. This is to get maximum output from the solar panels for export.

11.4.2. Limit managed battery charge voltage

Some batteries (like BYD and Pylontech) that come from the factory will take some time to settle in, and you may need to run them at a lower voltage for the first two weeks or so to help them balance.

This is what Limit managed battery charge voltage is designed for. Enabling this makes it possible to lower the maximum charge voltage until cells have balanced.

Do not use it for any other purpose as it may have unwanted side effects, for example, balancing can fail or not start at all if the charge voltage is set too low, causing the battery cells to become severely imbalanced over time. It is also not possible to set the value above the charge voltage limit (CVL) sent by the battery.

11.4.3. Shared Voltage Sense (SVS)

Works with VE.Bus devices, VE.Direct and VE.Can MPPT solar chargers, Orion XS DC-DC battery chargers as well as Inverter RS and Multi RS.

The system automatically selects the best available voltage measurement. It will use the voltage from the BMS or a BMV battery monitor, if possible, otherwise it will use the battery voltage reported by the VE.Bus system.

The voltage displayed on the GUI reflects the same voltage measurement.

Shared Voltage Sense (SVS) is by default enabled when DVCC is enabled. It can be disabled with a switch in Settings → DVCC.

SVS (and DVCC) is force enabled for the Lynx Smart BMS and cannot be changed.

Note that SVS is force-disabled for some batteries. Please see the compatibility page for your battery.

11.4.4. Shared Temperature Sense (STS)

Select the temperature sensor to use; and the GX device will send the measured battery temperature to the inverter/charger system as well as all connected solar chargers and Orion XS DC-DC battery chargers.

Selectable sources for the battery temperature are:

BMV-702 battery monitor
BMV-712 battery monitor
SmartShunt
Lynx Shunt VE.Can battery monitors
Multi/Quattro inverter/charger
Solar chargers (if fitted with a temperature sensor)

Note that STS is forced disabled for the Lynx Smart BMS and some batteries. Please see the compatibility page for your battery.

11.4.5. Shared Current Sense (SCS)

This feature forwards the battery current, as measured by a battery monitor connected to the GX device, to all connected solar chargers and Orion XS DC-DC battery chargers.

Both can be configured to use the battery current for its tail current mechanism that ends absorption when the current is below the configured threshold. For more information about that, refer to solar charger or Orion XS documentation.

This feature only applies to systems that are not ESS and/or don’t have a managed battery, since in both of those cases the MPPT and Orion XS is already externally controlled.

Requires MPPT solar charger firmware v1.47 or newer.

11.4.6. Controlling BMS

For systems with multiple BMSs connected, this allows selection of which BMS to use for DVCC. This also allows the use of a BMV or SmartShunt for SoC tracking by selecting a BMV as battery monitor (Settings → System setup) while the BMS is still used for DVCC.

This setting is available in the Settings → DVCC menu on the GX device.

11.5. DVCC features when using CAN-bus BMS battery

This chapter applies to all systems where an intelligent battery BMS is installed and connected via CAN-bus. Note that this does not include the Victron VE.Bus BMS.

Such intelligent BMS sends the following parameters to the GX device:

Charge voltage limit (CVL): the maximum charge voltage that the battery currently accepts.
Charge current limit (CCL): the maximum charge current requested by the battery.
Discharge current limit (DCL): the maximum discharge current as requested by the battery.

For all three parameters, some types of batteries transmit dynamic values. For example they determine the maximum charge voltage based on cell voltages, state of charge, or for example temperature. Other makes and brands use a fixed value.

For such batteries there is no need to wire allow to charge (ATC) and allow to discharge (ATD) connections to the AUX inputs of a Multi or Quattro.

When inverting, i. e. in island mode, Multis and Quattros will shut down when the max discharge current is zero. They will automatically start again as soon as either AC mains returns or when the BMS increases the max discharge current again.

See previous section Limit charge current, the user-configurable maximum charge current setting, for details about how the Maximum charge current is used, how it prioritises solar and more.Limit charge current

All above means that setting up charge voltages or charge profiles in VEConfigure or VictronConnect is not necessary and will also have no effect. The Multis, Quattros, Multi and Inverter RS, MPPT Solar Chargers and Orion XS DC-DC battery chargers will charge with the voltage as received via CAN-bus from the battery. This also applies to systems with a Lynx Smart BMS connected to a GX device.

11.6. DVCC for systems with the ESS Assistant

The ESS Keep batteries charged mode will only work properly with DVCC enabled.
A fixed solar offset of 0.4V (value for 48V system, divide by 4 for 12V) is applied when ESS-mode is set to Optimised in combination with the Feed-in excess solar charger power-setting enabled, or when ESS-mode is set to Keep batteries charged.
For system with ESS mode Optimised and Optimised (with BatteryLife): The system will automatically recharge the battery (from the grid) when the SoC drops 5% or more below the value of ‘Minimum SoC’ in the ESS menu. Recharge stops when it reaches the Minimum SoC.

ESS status display in the graphic overview of the GX device and on VRM: In addition to the charge status (External Control or Bulk/Absorption/Float), the following status can be displayed:

ESS status	Meaning
#1	Low SoC: discharge disabled
#2	BatteryLife is active
#3	Charging disabled by BMS
#4	Discharging disabled by BMS
#5	Slow charge in progress (part of BatteryLife, see above)
#6	User configured a charge limit of zero
#7	User configured a discharge limit of zero

Note: When DC-coupled PV feed-in excess is enabled with ESS, the DVCC system will not apply the DVCC charge current limit from PV to battery. This behaviour is necessary to allow the export. Charge voltage limits will still apply.
Charge current limits set at the individual solar charger device settings level will also still apply.
When the BMS is disconnected in an ESS system, solar chargers will stop and show error #67 – No BMS (see the MPPT Solar Charger Error Codes for additional info).

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